Sense Rolls

Vision, Hearing, Smell/Taste, and more exotic senses like Scanning, Vibration, etc.
Roll against your Perception Score modified by any applicable Acute Senses advantage.

These Sense rolls or Perception rolls are optionally rolled by the GM, where they then tell the characters if they noticed anything.

Comprehension Rolls:
Sometimes you notice something, but that is not enough (the "owl hoot" is a hidden warrior's call, the flower scent belongs to a man-eating plant!)
This roll is against IQ or an appropriate skill if an expert must notice it.

Vision
Modifiers:

Hidden things are a Quick Contest against (Camouflage, Holdout, etc.) and may allow or require Observation or Search (or similar) instead of a Perception roll.
The horizon is about 3 miles out for a 5-6 foot tall person.

Hearing
A separate IQ roll is sometimes made to make out speech, especially in a foreign language.

Modifiers:
See Hearing Distance Table (Below)

When attempting to hear someone moving silently use a Quick Contest against their Stealth skill.

Hearing Distance Table

Sound Range (yards)
Leaves rustling 1/4
Quiet conversation 1/2
Normal conversation 1
Light traffic 2
Loud conversation 4
Noisy office 8
Normal traffic 16
"Quiet" rock band 32
Heavy traffic 64
Jet takeoff 128
Very loud rock band 256
Metallica 512

Taste/Smell
Modifiers: